Prevention

While protection from vector-borne diseases can take a number of forms, the proper use of a personal repellent is the only way to ensure total, continuous, protection.

The primary reason for this is that the biting insects that transmit these deadly diseases are active throughout the day and night.  So, for example, the use of an insecticide-treated-bednet as a means of protection against Dengue, where the mosquito (Aedes aegypti) which vectors the disease bites during day time, is unlikely to be effective (unless napping under the bednet during the day).

When used as directed, NOPIKEX© is highly effective against ALL hematophagous insects, including those which are vectors for the following debilitating and often deadly diseases.

Disease	Transmitted by	Area
Malaria	Mosquitoes	Global tropical and subtropical areas
Dengue	Mosquitoes	Tropical Africa, South East Asia, South America and the Pacific
Yellow Fever	Mosquitoes	Tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America
Filariasis	Mosquitoes, Black Flies	Global tropical and subtropical areas
Leishmaniasis	Sandflies	Global tropical and subtropical areas including the Mediterranean
Chikungunya	Mosquitoes	Africa, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. In recent decades mosquito vectors of Chikungunya have spread to Europe and the Americas.
West Nile Virus	Mosquitoes	Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and the United States
Chagas	Kissing Bugs	Tropical South and Central America
Lyme Disease	Ticks	Europe, USA, Australia, China & Japan
Sleeping Sickness	Tsetse Fly	East, West and Central Southern Africa
Typhus Fever	Ticks, Mites, Fleas, Lice	Global
Plague	Flea	Global
Japanese B Encephalitis	Mosquitoes	The Far East and South East Asia
River Blindness	Black Flies	Africa, Latin America, Yemen
Tick-borne encephalitis	Ticks	Forested areas of Central & Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and former USSR
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever	Ticks	Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia, in countries south of the 50th parallel north.

The spread of vector-borne diseases is only likely to increase, making personal protection a matter of necessity rather than choice.

Factors affecting the spread of vector-borne diseases include:

• Unchecked urbanisation and population growth coupled with substandard housing and inadequate water, sewer and waste management systems.
• The increased use of dams for irrigation and energy generation creating new breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
• Increased aeroplane travel and freight movement transporting pathogens and vectors.
• The increased movement of immigrants and refugees from endemic areas to non-endemic areas.
• Climatic changes making it possible for vectors to breed and become established in areas previously not hospitable to them.